Preamble
The
earth is the planet which we (humans) dwells.Without ambiguity, the earth has
a radius of 6371km and has existed for approximately 4.54 billion years ago.
The earth carries out two types of movement. One of the movements is
spinning on its axis. The earth axis is the imaginary line that goes through
the North Pole and the South Pole. The axis is slightly
tipped, leaning to one side.This type of movement is called rotation.
earth is the planet which we (humans) dwells.Without ambiguity, the earth has
a radius of 6371km and has existed for approximately 4.54 billion years ago.
The earth carries out two types of movement. One of the movements is
spinning on its axis. The earth axis is the imaginary line that goes through
the North Pole and the South Pole. The axis is slightly
tipped, leaning to one side.This type of movement is called rotation.
The
other type of movement is called path around the sun, which is slightly oval
shaped.This oval shape causes the earth’s distance from the
sun to change during a year and is called revolution.
other type of movement is called path around the sun, which is slightly oval
shaped.This oval shape causes the earth’s distance from the
sun to change during a year and is called revolution.
Table of content
- Rotation
of the earth - The
Earth rotation round the sun - The
moon - Eclipse
- Eclipse
of the sun (solar eclipse) - Eclipse
of the moon (lunar
eclipse)
Rotation of the earth
The sun is a stationary
body.This actually means that it does not move.The rotation of
the earth makes it appear as if the sun is moving.The earth rotates and
completes one rotation on its axis every 24 hours.The rotation of
earth on its axis causes day and night.Someone is asking How?As the earth turns, half of the earth faces the sun, and it will be day time in
places that fall on this part, while it will be night on the half part facing
away from the sun.
body.This actually means that it does not move.The rotation of
the earth makes it appear as if the sun is moving.The earth rotates and
completes one rotation on its axis every 24 hours.The rotation of
earth on its axis causes day and night.Someone is asking How?As the earth turns, half of the earth faces the sun, and it will be day time in
places that fall on this part, while it will be night on the half part facing
away from the sun.
Earth Revolution round the
sun
sun
The earth also revolves
round the sun, aside from rotating on its axis.It takes the earth
365¼ days to make a complete revolution.The movement of the earth round
the sun is oblique (oval shape) in shape.The earth is at different
distances from the sun at dissimilar instance, that is, at some point, it may
be closer, while at some points, it may be far away from the sun.
round the sun, aside from rotating on its axis.It takes the earth
365¼ days to make a complete revolution.The movement of the earth round
the sun is oblique (oval shape) in shape.The earth is at different
distances from the sun at dissimilar instance, that is, at some point, it may
be closer, while at some points, it may be far away from the sun.
The different position of
the earth from the sun at different point dictate the climate conditions such
as daily temperature,rainfall, wind and humidity. Another reason
why the earth has different season is because of the tilt orbit of its
axis. For one part of the year, the top half of the earth (the northern
hemisphere, tipped towards the sun.Then it will be summer in that part while it
is winter in the half of the earth (the southern hemisphere).
the earth from the sun at different point dictate the climate conditions such
as daily temperature,rainfall, wind and humidity. Another reason
why the earth has different season is because of the tilt orbit of its
axis. For one part of the year, the top half of the earth (the northern
hemisphere, tipped towards the sun.Then it will be summer in that part while it
is winter in the half of the earth (the southern hemisphere).
During another part of the year.The bottom part of the earth (the southern hemisphere) is tipped towards the
sun and it is winter in northern hemisphere that is tipped away.During spring,
the hemispheres are tipped neither toward nor away from the sun. Each periodic
change in this climate is known as the season.
sun and it is winter in northern hemisphere that is tipped away.During spring,
the hemispheres are tipped neither toward nor away from the sun. Each periodic
change in this climate is known as the season.
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In Nigeria, we do not have season
like one described above because we are in equator.The equator is an imaginary
line around the earth’s middle.The equator never tips far from the sun, it is
neither too cold nor too hot.For places at the equator like Nigeria,
throughout the earth.
like one described above because we are in equator.The equator is an imaginary
line around the earth’s middle.The equator never tips far from the sun, it is
neither too cold nor too hot.For places at the equator like Nigeria,
throughout the earth.
The Moon
The moon is a natural
satellite. A satellite is any object that revolves round a planet. Our
planet (Earth) has only one moon. Some planets have no moon at all, while other
planets have more than one moon. Earth’s moon is a slightly egged shape
ball and is composed mostly of Rock and metals. It is the second
brightest object after the sun. It does not produce any light of
its own but shine by reflecting the light from the sun.
satellite. A satellite is any object that revolves round a planet. Our
planet (Earth) has only one moon. Some planets have no moon at all, while other
planets have more than one moon. Earth’s moon is a slightly egged shape
ball and is composed mostly of Rock and metals. It is the second
brightest object after the sun. It does not produce any light of
its own but shine by reflecting the light from the sun.
The moon moves
in elliptical orbit around earth. It completes one revolution in 27 days, 7
hours, 43 minutes. However, for the moon to go from one phase to the next
similar phase, as seen from the earth, requires 29 days. This period is
called the lunar month.
in elliptical orbit around earth. It completes one revolution in 27 days, 7
hours, 43 minutes. However, for the moon to go from one phase to the next
similar phase, as seen from the earth, requires 29 days. This period is
called the lunar month.
It was first
thought that the surface of the moon was filled with oceans. But now,
scientists are sure that there is no water on the moon. The surface is
rugged because it has no atmosphere. The moon is the only place in space that
humans have visited.
thought that the surface of the moon was filled with oceans. But now,
scientists are sure that there is no water on the moon. The surface is
rugged because it has no atmosphere. The moon is the only place in space that
humans have visited.
Eclipses
Imagine what happens
if the day suddenly turns completely dark for a period of time. The moon
can also go dark in a similar way at night. Each of such sudden dark
periods during daylight is known as an eclipse. Eclipse occurs when the
path of sunlight is blocked either by the earth or the moon.
if the day suddenly turns completely dark for a period of time. The moon
can also go dark in a similar way at night. Each of such sudden dark
periods during daylight is known as an eclipse. Eclipse occurs when the
path of sunlight is blocked either by the earth or the moon.
A shadow is an impression that is formed when
an opaque object blocks the path of light. Depending on the source
of light, the shadow may be total or partial.
an opaque object blocks the path of light. Depending on the source
of light, the shadow may be total or partial.
Eclipse of the
sun
sun
The sun is an example of an
extended source of light. An extended source of light produces rays. So it
produces two types of shadows when it is blocked by an opaque. (An opaque is
one that will not allow light to pass through it).
extended source of light. An extended source of light produces rays. So it
produces two types of shadows when it is blocked by an opaque. (An opaque is
one that will not allow light to pass through it).
Eclipse of the sun is otherwise
known as solar eclipse. It usually occurs when the moon gets
in a straight line between the earth and the sun as it orbits. Two types of
shadows, total and partial may now fall on the earth or parts of it. At the
period, the earth or parts of it will not see the sun for sometime during the
day, until the moon moves and of that point.
known as solar eclipse. It usually occurs when the moon gets
in a straight line between the earth and the sun as it orbits. Two types of
shadows, total and partial may now fall on the earth or parts of it. At the
period, the earth or parts of it will not see the sun for sometime during the
day, until the moon moves and of that point.
Another eclipse of the sun,
which may occur, is the annular eclipse. This occur when the moon is far
away from the earth than usual, so that it casts a smaller shadow on earth that
blocks out only the centre of the sun. So, only a partial shadow falls on
the earth at this period.
which may occur, is the annular eclipse. This occur when the moon is far
away from the earth than usual, so that it casts a smaller shadow on earth that
blocks out only the centre of the sun. So, only a partial shadow falls on
the earth at this period.
Eclipse of the Moon
(Lunar Eclipse): Lunar eclipse occurs when the moon passes
directly behind the earth into its umbra (shadow). This can occur only when the
sun, earth and moon are closely aligned in syzgy. More precisely eclipse of the
moon can occur when the sun gets in between the moon and the earth. A lunar
eclipse last for few hours whereas, a total solar eclipse last for only a few minutes
at any given place due to the smaller size of the moons shadow.
(Lunar Eclipse): Lunar eclipse occurs when the moon passes
directly behind the earth into its umbra (shadow). This can occur only when the
sun, earth and moon are closely aligned in syzgy. More precisely eclipse of the
moon can occur when the sun gets in between the moon and the earth. A lunar
eclipse last for few hours whereas, a total solar eclipse last for only a few minutes
at any given place due to the smaller size of the moons shadow.
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